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Choosing lighting for a bathroom, outdoor area or dusty space? An IP rating helps you understand how well a fitting's enclosure protects against solid objects and water. This guide explains how to read the numbers and what to check before choosing a light.
What does an IP rating mean?
IP stands for Ingress Protection. The rating normally has two digits: the first describes protection against solid objects and dust, and the second describes protection against water. These are separate ratings, not a single score.
For example, IP65 combines a solid-protection rating of 6 with a water-protection rating of 5. An X means that a rating is not specified for that category. IPX4, for example, specifies water protection but does not specify a solid-protection rating.
First digit: solid objects and dust
| Digit | Protection overview |
|---|---|
| 0 | No protection against solid objects. |
| 1 | Protection against solid objects 50 mm and larger. |
| 2 | Protection against solid objects 12.5 mm and larger. |
| 3 | Protection against solid objects 2.5 mm and larger. |
| 4 | Protection against solid objects 1 mm and larger. |
| 5 | Dust protected. Some dust may enter, but not in quantities that interfere with satisfactory operation or safety. |
| 6 | Dust tight. No ingress of dust. |
Second digit: water
Water ratings describe performance under particular test conditions. They are not a blanket promise that a fitting is waterproof in every situation.
| Digit | Protection overview |
|---|---|
| 0 | No protection against water. |
| 1 | Protection against vertically falling water drops. |
| 2 | Protection against vertically falling water drops when the enclosure is tilted up to 15 degrees. |
| 3 | Protection against spraying water up to 60 degrees from vertical. |
| 4 | Protection against splashing water from any direction. |
| 5 | Protection against water jets. |
| 6 | Protection against powerful water jets. |
| 7 | Protection against the effects of temporary immersion under specified test conditions. |
| 8 | Protection against the effects of continuous immersion under conditions specified by the manufacturer. |
This table summarises water ratings 0–8. It is not a complete reproduction of the standard. Check the product documentation for the precise rating and test conditions.
Common lighting ratings explained
- IP44: protection against solid objects 1 mm and larger, and against splashing water.
- IP65: dust tight, with protection against water jets.
- IP67: dust tight, with protection against temporary immersion under specified conditions.
- IP68: dust tight, with protection against continuous immersion under the manufacturer's specified conditions.
An immersion rating does not automatically mean that a product is also rated for water jets or pressure washing. Where more than one type of water exposure is relevant, check whether the product has the appropriate separate ratings.
Choosing lighting for outdoor areas
Consider where the fitting will sit and what it will be exposed to. A sheltered porch, an exposed garden and an area cleaned with a hose can present very different conditions. Check that the manufacturer specifically approves the fitting for the intended location and installation method.
IP ratings do not describe resistance to corrosion, salt air, UV exposure or impact. For coastal locations, also check the materials, finish, maintenance instructions and any location-related warranty conditions.
Choosing lighting for bathrooms
Do not choose bathroom lighting by IP rating alone. Suitability depends on the fitting's position, its proximity to water and the applicable installation requirements. Have a licensed electrician confirm the appropriate fitting and installation for the location.
Installation matters
A fitting's protection depends on correct installation. Seals, covers, cable entries and mounting orientation must be fitted as instructed. Damaged seals or modifications can compromise the enclosure's protection.
Before buying, check the exact product's IP rating, installation instructions and intended use. If you are replacing a fitting, do not assume that a similar-looking model has the same protection.
Need help comparing fittings?
The Lighting Empire team can help you compare the published specifications of lighting options. Tell us where the light will be installed and what it will be exposed to, and have your electrician confirm the final installation requirements.
This guide is a general reference, not installation advice or a substitute for the applicable standard. Refer to AS 60529, the manufacturer's documentation and your licensed electrician for your installation.
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